In my last post , I discussed the reasons why it is important to supplement with a daily multivitamin. One thing I didn’t mention is that while Dietitians of Canada and Health Canada do not take the same position, in 2002 the American Medical Association came out with a landmark review which changed their long-standing opposition to universal supplementation; they now recommend that everyone take a daily multivitamin for the prevention of chronic disease. Here’s a link to the article in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
To be clear, I also propose that the supplement include essential minerals as well; mineral supplementation was not reviewed in the JAMA article.
The supplement market consists of thousands of products, with more coming out all the time. And when you look at the ingredient list, they all seem to look the same; that is, until you know what you’re looking for.
I’ve taken much of my information from Nutrisearch Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements by Lyle MacWilliam. This guide compares 1600 nutritional supplements on the market on 18 different criteria, of which I will be touching on what I believe are the two most important. The guide relies on the research and recommendations of 12 independent experts in the field of nutrition to determine an average standard for what nutrients are essential for health and in what quantity (referred to as the Blended Standard )
According to the Blended Standard, there are 47 different vitamins, minerals, essential fats, and vitamin-like substances (ie. other plant-based anti-oxidants) necessary for our bodies’ cells to function. Obviously, the first thing we need to look for in our supplement, is how complete it is. What’s the point of popping these pills if you’re not getting everything you need out of them? Related to the question of which nutrients are provided is the question of whether they are provided in adequate quantity to have any benefit. In case you’re interested, a list of the 47 nutrients is provided below.
The second thing to look for is the form in which the minerals are provided. Before I go further, you must understand that minerals, unlike vitamins, in solid form are always bound to something. Think of sodium, for example. There’s sodium chloride (table salt), sodium bicarbonate (baking powder) and countless other substances. Put some salt in enough water, however, and it dissolves into separate sodium and chloride ions. The same is true for all minerals. (Obviously, not every mineral compound will dissolve as readily or easily as table salt!)
The body will absorb minerals in either of two ways. One is as a dissociated ion once it has dissolved; the mineral just passively drifts through the stomach lining. The other is slightly more complicated; if the mineral is attached to something the body needs (like an amino acid, for example), then the body will actively absorb the amino acid, and the mineral gets to piggyback along for the ride.
As we get older, we tend to produce less stomach acid. Often this means that many mineral salts (eg. magnesium sulfate, calcium phosphate etc.) won’t dissolve, so those minerals will not get absorbed; they’ll just pass right through the body. Even worse, there is some evidence to suggest that these types of salts (phosphate, sulfate, carbonate etc. are collectively known as inorganic mineral salts), when consumed as part of a fibre-rich diet, actually act like magnets and pull minerals out of the body. So not only are you not getting the goodness you are expecting from the multivitamin, you’re in fact losing more than you put in!
Minerals attached to organic salts (eg. citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate & others) are preferentially absorbed because the body needs them. Therefore , it makes far more sense to have minerals in these forms in your supplement.
The bottom line: take a look at the mineral forms. Stay clear of multivitamins using inorganic salts… you’ll find them in many of the cheapest vitamins, but they will probably do you more harm than good.
So how do you know which one to choose? What is good? You could start by looking at the Comparative Guide I mentioned. It ranks multis on a scale of 0-5.0. I’d say that anything rated 3.0 or better is likely to be a decent product. Another strategy is word of mouth…if someone recommends a product, telling you how much more energy or how much better they feel while on it, it may be worth a try. Most of us are chronically deficient, though not bad enough to be displaying overt symptoms. Like tires that are not flat, but with not quite enough pressure; we can get from point A to point B, but the ride isn’t as smooth and the mileage isn’t as efficient as it could be. Taking a good multivitamin can get us to feeling optimal and honestly, the difference is noticeable.
What it really comes down to is taking a product that makes you feel better on it than off it. If you are currently taking something that doesn’t do this for you, you should try something else. Give a new product at least a month to see if it helps; the more deficient your starting point, the more “air in the tires” needed before you reach optimal.
If you’re on a multi and you’d like to know how it rates, let me know and I’ll look it up for you! Or if you’re on a product you like, please share. I’m sure there are lots of people who would be interested!
Essential Nutrients list: Vitamins A, D, K thiamine(B1), riboflavin(B2), niacin & niacinamide(B3), pantothenic acid(B5), pyridoxine(B6), cobalamin(B12) biotin, folic acid Vitamin C Vitamin E (in both alpha tocopherol and gamma/mixed forms) bioflavinoids, procyanidolic oligomers (PCOs), phenolic compounds Coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid beta-carotene, mixed carotenoids lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene n-acetyl-l-cysteine, acetyl-l-carnitine, carnitine choline, inositol, lecithin alpha-linoleic acid, omega-3 fish oil (EPA/DHA) boron, calcium, chromium, copper, iodine, magnesium, manganese molybdenum, potassium, selenium, silicon, vanadium, zinc trimethylglycine, carnosine iron is a necessary nutrient, but not recommended in a multivitamin due to potential toxicity with long-term supplementation
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